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¿µ¾îÀÇ Trouble Maker, °ü»ç¸¦ Á¤º¹ÇÑ´Ù! |
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¿µ¾îÀÇ Trouble Maker, °ü»ç¸¦ Á¤º¹ÇÑ´Ù!
½Åµ¿¾Æ | ±â»çÀÔ·Â 2007-01-01 00:00
¡å ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ¡®a¡¯
That¡¯s one small word for astronaut Armstrong, one giant revision for grammar sticklers everywhere(±×°ÍÀº ¿ìÁÖ ºñÇà»ç ¾Ï½ºÆ®·Õ¿¡°Ô´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÛÀº ´Ü¾îÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹®¹ý¿¡ ±î´Ù·Î¿î »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ Á¤Á¤(ïôïá)ÀÌ´Ù).
2006³â 10¿ù1ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ Åػ罺 ÈÞ½ºÅϹß(Û¡) APÅë½ÅÀº ¡®Software finds missing ¡®a¡¯ in Armstrong¡¯s moon quote(¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀÌ ´Þ¿¡¼ ÇÑ ¸» Áß ½ÇÁ¾µÆ´ø ¡®a¡¯¸¦ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î°¡ ã¾Æ³»´Ù)¡¯¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ ±â»ç¸¦ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
1969³â 7¿ù20ÀÏ ¾ÆÆú·Î 11È£¸¦ Ÿ°í Àηù¿ª»ç»ó ÃÖÃÊ·Î ´Þ¿¡ ù¹ßÀ» ³»µðµò ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀº ¹Ì ÇرºÁ¶Á¾»ç·Î 6¡¤25ÀüÀï¿¡¼ 78ȸ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀüÅõÀÓ¹«(combat mission)¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ±×´Â Áö±¸ÀÎÀ» ÇâÇØ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÛÀº ÀϺ¸(ìéÜÆ)ÀÌÁö¸¸ Àηù¿¡°Ô´Â °Å´ëÇÑ µµ¾àÀÌ´Ù(That¡¯s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind).¡±
ºñÆò°¡µéÀº ±×ÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ ¹®¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ´Ù¸é¼ ¾Ï½ºÆ®·Õ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÁöĪÇÏ´Â ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº manÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ a manÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. manÀ̶ó°í¸¸ ÇÏ¸é ¡®Àηù¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÛÀº ÀϺ¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ Àηù¿¡°Ô´Â °Å´ëÇÑ µµ¾à¡¯À̶ó´Â, ¾ÕµÚ°¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸»ÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
È£ÁÖ ½Ãµå´ÏÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ È¸»ç Control BionicsÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó Æ÷µå(Ford)´Â NASA À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀÇ À½¼º³ìÀ½À» ³»·Á¹Þ¾Æ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Ã·´Ü À½¼ººÐ¼® ±â¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀÇ ¸» ¼Ó¿¡¼ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ¡®a¡¯¸¦ ã¾Æ³Â´Ù. Æ÷µå´Â ¡°I found evidence that the missing ¡®a¡¯ was spoken and transmitted to NASA(ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ¡®a¡¯´Â ¹ß¼ºµÆÀ¸¸ç NASA·Î Àü¼ÛµÆ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ã¾Ò´Ù)¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀÇ ¸í¾ðÀ» µÑ·¯½Ñ ¹®¹ý ³í¶õÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °úÇÐÀÇ µµ¿òÀ¸·Î Á¾ÁöºÎ¸¦ ÂïÀº ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù.
¡®I intended to say it properly and believes I did(³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÏ·Á Çß°í, ±×·¸°Ô Çß´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù)¡¯¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇØ¿Ô´ø ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀº ÀÌ ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µè°í ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°I have reviewed the data and Ford¡¯s analysis of it, and I find the technology interesting and useful, I also find his conclusion persuasive. Persuasive is the appropriate word(³ª´Â ÀÌ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ·á¿Í Æ÷µåÀÇ ºÐ¼®À» °ËÅäÇßÀ¸¸ç ±× ±â¼úÀÌ Àç¹ÌÀÖ°í À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Æ÷µåÀÇ °á·ÐÀÌ ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. persuasive(¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â)´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ ´Ü¾î´Ù).¡±
Æ÷µå´Â ¾Ï½ºÆ®·ÕÀÌ ¡®One small step for a man¡¯ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç ¡®a¡¯¸¦ 35ms(¹Ð¸®¼¼ÄÁµå, 1ms´Â 1000ºÐÀÇ 1ÃÊ)·Î ¹ßÀ½Çß´Ù°í ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ Ã»ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼Óµµº¸´Ù 10¹è ÀÌ»ó »¡¶ó °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î Áö±¸ÀÎÀÇ ±Í·Î´Â ¾Ë¾ÆµéÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¾î °¼¼ÀÇ ±â´É°ú Á߿伺
»ç½Ç ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀº Àϻ󿡼µµ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¡®Excuse me!(¹Ì¾ÈÇÕ´Ï´Ù!)¡¯ ¡®Emergency landing!(ºÒ½ÃÂøÀÌ´Ù!)¡¯ µîµµ ¡®Å¥Áî ¹Ì¡¯ ¡®¸ÓÀü½Ã ·£µù¡¯À¸·Î µé¸± Á¤µµ·Î [eks]¿Í [i]°¡ »¡¸® ¹ßÀ½µÈ´Ù. ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¸ð±¹¾î·Î ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì ¿Ö ±×Åä·Ï »¡¸® Èê·Á ¹ßÀ½Çϴ°¡.
Çѱ¹¾î´Â À½Àý¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸®´Â ¾ð¾î(syllable-timed language)ÀÌ°í, ¿µ¾î´Â °¼¼¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸®´Â ¾ð¾î(stress-timed language)ÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹¾î´Â À½Àý ÇϳªÇϳªÀÇ ±æÀÌ°¡ °°¾Æ¼, ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â µ¥ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ À½ÀýÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é ¿µ¾î¿¡¼´Â ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â µ¥ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ °¼¼(stress)ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ°í À½Àý¼ö¿Í´Â »ó°üÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. À½ÀýÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÀåÀ̶óµµ, °¼¼ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ °°À¸¸é °°Àº ±æÀÌ·Î ¹ßÀ½µÈ´Ù.
¿ì¸®¸»·Î ¡°¾È³çÇϽʴϱî?¡±¶ó°í Çϸé, ±ÛÀÚ Çϳª°¡ ÇÑ À½ÀýÀ̴ϱî 6¹ÚÀÚ°¡ µÇ°í, ¡°¾È³ç¡±À̶ó°í Çϸé 2¹ÚÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î µÎ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â µ¥ 6´ë 2ÀÇ ½Ã°£Â÷°¡ ³´Ù. How are you?(3À½Àý)¿Í Howdy!(2À½Àý)¸¦ ¿ì¸®¸»½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸»Çϸé À½Àý¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó 3´ë 2ÀÇ ½Ã°£Â÷°¡ ³ª°ÚÁö¸¸, ¿ø¾î¹ÎÀº µÎ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ °°°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù. °¼¼¸¦ ¹Þ´Â À½ÀýÀÌ °¢°¢ Çϳª¾¿À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¾î¿¡¼ °ÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â Ç°»ç´Â ³»¿ë¾î(Content Word)¶ó°í ÇÏ°í, ¾àÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â Ç°»ç´Â ±â´É¾î(Function Word)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÇ»ç Àü´ÞÀÇ Çٽɾî¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ë¾î¿¡´Â ¸í»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, µ¿»ç, ºÎ»ç, Àǹ®»ç, Áö½Ã»ç, °¨Åº»ç µîÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ±â´É¾î´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç, Á¢¼Ó»ç, °ü»ç, Á¶µ¿»ç, ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç, ºÎÁ¤´ë¸í»ç, beµ¿»ç, haveµ¿»ç µî º¸Á¶´Ü¾îÀÌ´Ù. ±â´É¾î´Â µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ À½ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇÏ°í ³»¿ë¾î¿¡ µ¿ÈµÇ¾î¹ö¸°´Ù. Mary and Jane are sisters(¸Þ¸®Àº / Á¦Àξî / ¾¾½ºÅÍÁî).
[h]¿Í ºÎÁ¤°ü»çÀÇ °ü°è
vehicle(Â÷·®)°ú forehead(À̸¶)ÀÇ h´Â ¹ßÀ½Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í ¾È Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Çü¿ë»ç vehement(°Ý·ÄÇÑ)¿Í ¸í»ç vehemence(°Ý·Ä)ÀÇ h´Â ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¹Ý¸é µ¿»ç exhibit(Àü½ÃÇÏ´Ù), prohibit(±ÝÁöÇÏ´Ù), exhilarate(±âºÐÀ» µé¶ß°Ô ÇÏ´Ù)ÀÇ h´Â ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù. ¸í»ç exhibition(Àü½Ã), prohibition(±ÝÁö), exhilaration(µé¶ä)ÀÇ h´Â ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
hour(ÇÑ ½Ã°£)ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ù ±â½ÄÀ½(initial aspirate) [h] ¾øÀÌ ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â ±â¿Õ¿¡ È®°íÇÏ°Ô ¹¬À½À¸·Î 󸮵Ǿî ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¿©Áö¾øÀÌ an hourÀÌ´Ù. human beingÀÇ °æ¿ì, [h]¸¦ ¹ßÀ½Çصµ µÇ°í ¾È Çصµ µÈ´Ù. ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì ù ¹ßÀ½Àº [ju:]°¡ µÈ´Ù. [j]´Â ¸ðÀ½°ú ÀÚÀ½ÀÇ Áß°£¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À½À¸·Î ¡®¹Ý¸ðÀ½¡¯À̶ó°í Çϴµ¥ ÀÚÀ½¿¡ ¼ÓÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ a human beingÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
¹®Á¦´Â ±â½ÄÀ½ [h]°¡ ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¹¸Ó¸®¿¡ ¿Ã °æ¿ì ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è´Ù. history´Â ¾Õ À½Àý¿¡ °¼¼°¡ ÀÖ¾î [È÷½ºÅ丮]¶ó°í ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çü¿ë»ç historian¡¤historic¡¤historicalÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â µÎ ¹ø° À½Àý [to]¿¡ °¼¼°¡ ÀÖ¾î [h]°¡ ¾àÇÑ ÀÚÀ½(soft consonant)ÀÌ µÇ´Â°¡ Çϸé Cockney English(·±´ø Åä¹ÚÀÌ ¿µ¾î)¿¡¼´Â ¡®h¡¯°¡ Ç×»ó ¹¬À½ÀÌ´Ù. historian(¿ª»ç°¡), historic event(¿ª»çÀû »ç°Ç), historical novel(¿ª»ç ¼Ò¼³)¿¡´Â [a]°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó [an]À» ºÙ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¹®Á¦·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿ø¾î¹ÎÀÇ ´ëÈ¿¡¼ [an]À» ºÙÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ÀûÀÝ°Ô °æÇèÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ±×·¸°Ô Ç¥±âÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ¸¹´Ù. 2006³â 10¿ù9ÀÏ BBC NewsÀÇ ¡®North Korea claims nuclear test(ºÏÇÑ ÇÙ½ÇÇè ÁÖÀå)¡¯¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ ±â»ç¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.
When it announced the test, KCNA described it as an ¡°historic event that brought happiness to our military and people¡±. It said the test would maintain ¡°peace and stability¡± in the region and was ¡°a great leap forward in the building of a great prosperous, powerful socialist nation(Á¶¼±Áß¾ÓÅë½ÅÀº ÇÙ½ÇÇè ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ¾Ë¸®¸ç ¡°¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±º´ë¿Í Àιο¡°Ô ÇູÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁØ ¿ª»çÀû »ç°Ç¡±À̶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ½ÇÇèÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¡°ÆòÈ¿Í ¾ÈÁ¤¡±À» À¯ÁöÇØÁÖ°í, ¡°¹ø¿µÇÏ´Â °·ÂÇÑ ´ë(ÓÞ) »çȸÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡ °Ç¼³ÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ µµ¾à¡±À̶ó°í ÀÌ Åë½ÅÀº ÀüÇß´Ù). *KCNA(Korean Central News Agency)´Â ºÏÇÑÀÇ Á¶¼±Áß¾ÓÅë½Å
¡®Webster¡¯s Third New International Dictionary¡¯¿¡¼µµ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¡®The Times Literary Supplement(ŸÀÓ½º ¹®¿¹ºÎ·Ï)¡¯¿¡¼ »ÌÀº ¡®an historian and not a mere chronicler(´Ü¼øÇÑ ¿¬´ë±â ÀÛ°¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¿ª»ç°¡)¡¯¶ó´Â ±¸ÀýÀ» ¿¹·Î µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¿µ±¹½Ä(British)À̶ó°Å³ª ¡®an attempt to sound educated or superior(±³¾ç ÀÖ°Ô µé¸®°Ô Çϰųª ¿ì¿ùÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÌ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ)¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±â½ÄÀ½ hÀÇ ¹ßÀ½°ú ºÎÁ¤°ü»çÀÇ °ü°èµµ ¼¼¿ùÀÇ È帧¿¡ µû¶ó ¾î¶°ÇÑ º¯È¸¦ °¡Á®¿ÃÁö´Â µÎ°í º¼ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ºÐ¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾ð¾î´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ°í º¯ÇüµÈ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù.
¡å a¿Í the, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´Ù¸£´Ù
¹®ÀåÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª Á¤±³ÇÑ°¡´Â °ü»ç¸¦ º¸¸é ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °ü»ç°¡ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¼ÕÁúÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ³×ÀÌƼºê ½ºÇÇÄ¿µéµµ ¹®¼¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¶§ °ü»ç ¶§¹®¿¡ °ñ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾Î´Â´Ù. Á¤°ü»ç´Â Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç(that)°¡, ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç´Â 1(one)À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¼ö»ç(â¦Þò)°¡ ¾àÈµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. on the dot(±× Á¡¿¡¡æÁ¤°¢¿¡)¿Í to a dot(ÇϳªÀÇ Á¡±îÁö¡æ¿ÏÀüÈ÷¡¤Ã¶ÀúÈ÷)¸¦ ºñ±³Çغ¸¸é °¨ÀÌ ÀâÈù´Ù.
¡®³»°¡ °áÁ¤±ÇÀÚ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿µ¾î·Î ÇÏ¸é ¡®I am the(ȤÀº a) decision maker¡¯´Ù. À̶§ the°¡ ºÙÀ¸¸é Á¶Á÷ ³» ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤±ÇÀÚ°¡ ³ª ÇÑ ¸íÀ̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, a°¡ ºÙÀ¸¸é ¿©·¯ ¸íÀÇ ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤±ÇÀÚ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀ̶ó´Â Àǹ̰¡ µÈ´Ù. 2006³â 4¿ù18ÀÏÀÚ BBC News´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀüÇÑ´Ù.
President George W. Bush has backed his Defence Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, against calls from former generals for him to resign. ¡°I¡¯m the decider and I decide what¡¯s best. And what¡¯s best is for Don Rumsfeld to remain,¡± Mr Bush said(ºÎ½Ã ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÀüÁ÷ À强µé·ÎºÎÅÍ »çÀÓÇ϶ó´Â ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¹ÞÀº ·³½ºÆçµå¸¦ ¿ËÈ£Çß´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â °áÁ¤±ÇÀÚÀ̸ç ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸°´Ù. ·³½ºÆçµå°¡ À¯ÀÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ¼±ÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ºÎ½Ã´Â ¸»Çß´Ù).
ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç´Â ¹ÌÁö(Ú±ò±)ÀÇ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â, Á¤°ü»ç´Â ±âÁö(Ðþò±)ÀÇ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. (1)ÈÀÚ(speaker)´Â ¾ËÁö¸¸ ûÀÚ(listener)°¡ ¸ð¸£´Â °æ¿ì, I wrote a book(³ª´Â Ã¥À» ½è´Ù). (2)ÈÀÚ´Â ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ ûÀÚ´Â ¾Æ´Â °æ¿ì, I am told that you wrote a book(³×°¡ Ã¥À» ½è´Ù´õ±º). (3)ÈÀÚ¿Í Ã»ÀÚ ¸ðµÎ ¸ð¸£´Â °æ¿ì, I picked up a book on a road(±æ¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼ Ã¥À» ÁÖ¿ü´Ù). (4) ÈÀÚ¿Í Ã»ÀÚ ¸ðµÎ ¾Æ´Â °æ¿ì, I have already read the book which you gave me(³×°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁØ ±× Ã¥À» ÀÌ¹Ì Àоú´Ù).
Young women of today want the man-made world to be a woman-made one, where they can decide what is good for them(¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ÀþÀº ¿©¼ºµéÀº ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¸¸µç ¼¼»óÀÌ ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ¸¸µç ¼¼»óÀÌ µÇ±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¼¼»ó¿¡¼´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù).
the´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¡®The Great Gatsby(À§´ëÇÑ °³Ã÷ºñ)¡¯ÀÇ ÀÛ°¡ ÇÇÃ÷Á¦·²µå(F. Scott Fitzgerald)ÀÇ ¸» Áß¿¡ ÀÌ·± °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. First you take (1)a drink, then (2)the drink takes (3)a drink, then (4)the drink takes you(óÀ½¿¡´Â ³×°¡ ¼úÀ» ¸¶½Ã°í, ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¼úÀÌ ¼úÀ» ¸¶½Ã°í, ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¼úÀÌ ³Ê¸¦ ¸¶½Å´Ù). (2)°¡ (1)À» ¹Þ°í, (4)°¡ (3)À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀ» ¹Þ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. That¡¯ll take (1)the edge off (2)your hunger(±×°ÍÀÌ ³ÊÀÇ ¹è°íÇÄÀÇ ¾ðÀú¸®¸¦ ¶¼¾î³»ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡æ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ÊÀÇ ½ÃÀå±â¸¦ ÁÙ¿©ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù). (1)ÀÌ (2)¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
¿µÈ ¡®RoboCop(·Îº¸Ä°)¡¯Àº ¸·°ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀÇ »çÀ̺¸±×(cyborg¡çcybernetic +organism)ÀÇ È°¾àÀ» ±×¸° ¿µÈ´Ù. Àü±ÙÇØ ¿Â ¿©ÀÚ°æ°ü ·çÀ̽º(Nancy Allen ºÐ)°¡ ·Îº¸Ä°(Peter Weller ºÐ)¿¡°Ô ¡°Do you have a name? Don¡¯t you have a name?¡± ÇÏ°í ¹¯ÀÚ ·Îº¸Ä°Àº ±âºÐÀÌ ³ª»Û µí ¾Æ¹« ´ë´äµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¡°´©±º°¡°¡ ¡®What¡¯s your name?¡±À̶ó°í ¹¯ÀÚ ¡°Murphy(¸ÓÇÇ)¡± Çϸç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̸§À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¡®a name¡¯Àº À̸§ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »óȲ¿¡¼ ¹¯´Â Áú¹®ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ°í, µÞ ¹®ÀåÀº ´ç¿¬È÷ À̸§ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó´Â ÀüÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡ ³ª¿Â Áú¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÌ ¡®I¡¯m looking for my job¡¯À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °É µéÀ¸¸é ³×ÀÌƼºê ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ¹è²ÅÀ» Àâ´Â´Ù. ¿µ¾î¿¡¼ ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀº Did you see my English book?¿¡¼Ã³·³ ÀÌ¹Ì ¡®³ª¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °Í(something that already belongs to me)¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÒ ¶§¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯´Ï ¿ø¾î¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼± ¡®ÀÌ¹Ì °®°í ÀÖ´Â Á÷¾÷À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â ½ÄÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ¿ì½º¿ï ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. Á÷¾÷À» ±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é I¡¯m looking for a jobÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ¾î¿¡¼ ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀº ÀÌ¹Ì Àڱ⠼ÒÀ¯°¡ µÈ ±âÁ¤(ÐþïÒ)ÀÇ °Í¿¡¸¸ ºÙÀ̸ç, ¹ÌÁ¤(Ú±ïÒ)ÀÇ °Í¿¡´Â ºÎÁ¤(ÜôïÒ)°ü»ç¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
¡å ¼Ò¹®³ a bird / the grapevine / the horse¡¯s mouth
¡®¼Ò¹®À¸·Î µé¾ú´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿µ¾î·Î ¡®A little bird told me¡¯³ª ¡®I heard a little bird sing so¡¯¶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ¡®Áö³ª°¡´Â »õ ÇÑ ¸¶¸®¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î bird ¾Õ¿¡´Â ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
A: A little bird whispered in my ear that Robert will be fired soon. You must not tell anybody(¼Ò¹®À¸·Î µé¾ú´Âµ¥, ·Î¹öÆ®°¡ °ð ÇØ°íµÉ °Å·¡. ¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ ¾ê±âÇÏÁö ¸¶).
B: All right. My lips are sealed(±×·¡, ÀÔÀ» ºÀÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ»°Ô).
D.H. ·Î·»½ºÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ ¡®Ã¤Åи® ºÎÀÎÀÇ ¿¬ÀΡ¯¿¡´Â ½Åü ºÎÀ§¸í ¾Õ¿¡ the¸¦ ¾²´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÀº À̾߱âÀÇ Ãâó¸¦ ¹àÈ÷±â °ï¶õÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëÇϸç, ´ë°³ Keep it to yourself!(³Ê¸¸ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇØ!)³ª Keep it secret!(ºñ¹Ð·Î ÇØ!)°¡ µÚµû¸¥´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ¾î¿ø(etymology)Àº Àüµµ¼(Ecclesiastes) 10Àå20ÀýÀÌ´Ù. Do not revile the king even in your thoughts, or curse the rich in your bedroom, because a bird of the air may carry your words, and a bird on the wing may report what you say(½ÉÁß(ãýñé)¿¡¶óµµ ¿ÕÀ» ÀúÁÖÇÏÁö ¸»¸ç ħ¹æ(öÖÛ®)¿¡¼¶óµµ ºÎÀÚ¸¦ ÀúÁÖÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, °øÁßÀÇ »õ°¡ ±× ¸»À» ÀüÇÏ°í, ³¯Áü½ÂÀÌ ±× ÀÏÀ» ÀüÆÄÇÒ °ÍÀ̴϶ó).
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀ» º¸ÀÚ. ¡®±×°ÍÀ» ¼Ò¹®À¸·Î µé¾ú³×¡¯¸¦ ¡®I have (got) it by hearsay(=I know it by hearsay)¡¯¶ó°í Çϰųª ¡®I heard it through the grapevine¡¯À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. grapevineÀº grapevine telegraph(Æ÷µµ³ª¹« Àüº¸)ÀÇ ¾àĪÀ¸·Î the telephoneÀ̳ª the computeró·³ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ½Ãû(ãÊôé) °ü·Ã ¹ß¸íÇ°À¸·Î °£ÁÖÇØ Á¤°ü»ç¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ. ±×·³ ¾î¶»°Ô Çؼ grapevine telegraph°¡ ¼Ò¹®À» ¶æÇÏ°Ô µÆÀ»±î.
First came the telegraph, then the grapevine. In fact, one led to the other. This would seem to reverse the natural order, in that Mother Nature grew grapevines long before Samuel Morse strung the first telegraph wire from Washington to Baltimore in 1844. The phrase provided a wry comparison between the twisted stems of the grapevine and the straight lines of the then new electric telegraph marching across America(telegraph(Àüº¸)°¡ »ý±ä ´ÙÀ½¿¡ the grapevine(À¯¾ðºñ¾î¡¤Æ÷µµµ¢±¼)À̶õ ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. »ç½Ç ÀüÀÚ°¡ ÈÄÀÚ¸¦ ÃÊ·¡Çß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Áú¼¸¦ ¿ªÇàÇÑ µíÇÏ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »õ¹Â¾ó ¸ð½º°¡ 1844³â, ¿ö½ÌÅÏ°ú º¼Æ¼¸ð¾î »çÀÌ¿¡ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Àü½Å¼±À» °¡¼³Çϱâ ÈξÀ ÀüºÎÅÍ ´ëÀÚ¿¬¿¡ Æ÷µµ³ª¹«°¡ ÀÚ¶ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À¯¾ðºñ¾î(the grapevine)´Â ´ç½Ã ¹Ì±¹À» °¡·ÎÁö¸¥ °ðÀº Àü½Å¼±°ú ¹è¹è ²¿ÀÎ Æ÷µµµ¢±¼À» ºñµüÇÏ°Ô ºñ±³ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù).
The telegraph was the marvel of the 1840s vastly improving the speed of communication between communities. In comparison, the grapevine telegraph was by individual to individual, often garbling the facts or reporting untruths, so reflecting the gnarled and contorted stems of the grapevine(Àüº¸´Â Áö¿ª °£ Åë½Å ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¾öû³ª°Ô Çâ»ó½ÃŲ 1840³â´ëÀÇ ±âÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ¿¡¼ ÀÔÀ¸·Î ÀüÇØÁö´Â Æ÷µµµ¢±¼ Àüº¸(¼Ò¹®)´Â Æ÷µµ³ª¹«ÀÇ ²¿ÀÌ°í ºñƲ¾îÁø Áٱ⸦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏµí »ç½ÇÀ» ¿Ö°îÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í, °ÅÁþÀ» ÀüÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù).
While the telegraph is long gone, the grapevine(the person-to-person communication) that preceded it is still going strong in this era of instant electronic communication, circulating news, gossip, and rumor in an organization or community outside of official cha-nnels(Àüº¸°¡ »ç¶óÁø Áö ¿À·¡µÆÁö¸¸ ÀÔ¼Ò¹®Àº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Âû³ª(óËÑá)ÀûÀÎ ÀüÀÚÅë½Å½Ã´ë¿¡µµ °ø½Ä ä³Î ¹Û¿¡¼ Á¶Á÷À̳ª Áý´Ü¿¡ ´º½º, °¡½Ê, ±×¸®°í ·ç¸Ó¸¦ À¯Æ÷ÇÏ¸ç ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °ÇÑ À§·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù).
I got it straight from the horse¡¯s mouth that Vivian would get a divorce(ºñºñ¾ÈÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥ÇÒ °Å¶õ ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÇÑÅ×¼ Á÷Á¢ µé¾ú¾î). º»Àο¡°Ô¼ Á÷Á¢ µé¾úÀ» ¶§³ª ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ ¼Ò½ÄÅë(safe source)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µé¾úÀ» ¶§´Â ¡®hear straight from the horse¡¯s mouth¡¯¶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ¸¶(Ø©)¶ó´Â °³³äÀ¸·Î Á¤°ü»ç¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ. ÀÌ ¸»ÀÇ ¾î¿øÀº °æ¸¶Àå Á¤º¸Á¦°øÀÚ(racetrack tipster)°¡ ³»±â²Û(bettor)¿¡°Ô ¡®I have gotten the information from the horses themselves and the info is the correct!(¸»¿¡°Ô¼ Á÷Á¢ µéÀº Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ³×, ±×·¯´Ï ±×¸¸Å Á¤È®ÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡!)¡¯¶ó°í Çϸç È£¾ðÀå´ãÇÑ µ¥¼ ºñ·ÔµÆ´Ù(the correct¿¡¼ the´Â ºÎ»ç·Î ¡®±×¸¸Å¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù).
¡å Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â ¡®the buck¡¯
¡®The buck stops here¡¯´Â ¡®ÃÖÁ¾±ÇÇÑ(final authority)Àº ³»°Ô ÀÖ´Ù¡¯¡æ¡®¸ðµç Ã¥ÀÓÀº ³»°¡ Áø´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Πbuck¿¡´Â the¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÀº ¹Ì±¹ Á¦33´ë ´ëÅë·É Æ®·ç¸ÕÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Áý¹«½Ç Ã¥»ó¿¡´Â ¡®The BUCK STOPS Here!¡¯¶ó´Â Ç¥Âû(desk sign)ÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. È£µÎ³ª¹« ´ë(Óæ)¸¦ ºÙÀΠä»öÀ¯¸®·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í µÞ¸é¿£ ¡®I¡¯m from Missouri¡¯¶ó°í ¾º¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ Ç¥ÂûÀº ±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸ÀÎ ¹ÌÁÖ¸®ÁÖ ¼ºÎÁö¿ª ¿¬¹æº¸¾È°ü Fred M. CanfilÀÌ Æ÷Ä¿°ÔÀÓÀ» Áñ±â´Â Æ®·ç¸Õ¿¡°Ô º¸³½ ¼±¹°ÀÌ´Ù. Æ®·ç¸Õ µµ¼°ü(the Truman Library)À» ¹æ¹®Çϸé Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¹é¾Ç°ü Áý¹«½Ç ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×´ë·Î º¹¿øÇسõÀº °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, Ã¥»ó À§¿¡ ÀÌ Ç¥ÁöÆÇÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð º¹Á¦Ç°ÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÇ°Àº Ä«ÅÍ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¿ä±¸·Î ¹é¾Ç°ü¿¡ µÇµ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. Æ®·ç¸ÕÀº 1953³â 1¿ù ÀÌÀÓ ¿¬¼³¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°The President - whoever he is - has to decide. He can¡¯t pass the buck to anybody. No one else can do the deciding for him. That¡¯s his job(´ëÅë·ÉÀº, ±×°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ°Ç °£¿¡ °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±× ´©±¸µµ ±×¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇØ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. °áÁ¤Àº ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù).¡±
The buck stops here¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº ¡®pass the buck¡¯À̶ó´Â Ç¥Çö¿¡¼ À¯·¡Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº 1865³â°æ¿¡ Æ÷Ä¿ Àº¾î(poker jargon)·Î óÀ½ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. Ä«µå³îÀ̸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ Ä«µå Æи¦ µ¹¸®´Â °ÍÀ» dealingÀ̶ó°í Çϸç dealing ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» dealer¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í dealer ¾Õ¿¡ ³õ´Â Æи¦ buckÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. dealingÀ» ¿øÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é buckÀ» ´ÙÀ½ player¿¡°Ô ³Ñ±è(passing)À¸·Î½á Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¼ºÎ°³Ã´ ½ÃÀý ÀÌ buck(ÆÐ)À¸·Î 1´Þ·¯ ÀºÈ°¡ »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. buckshot(»ç½¿ »ç³É¿ë ¾ËÀÌ ±½Àº »êź)À̳ª buck horn(»ç½¿»Ô) ¼ÕÀâÀÌ·Î µÈ ÁÖ¸Ó´ÏÄ®À» ¾²±âµµ Çß´Ù. Webster»çÀüÀº buckÀÌ ¡®buckhorn-handled knife¡¯¸¦ ÁÙ¿©¼ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
¡®pass the buck¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿© ¡®shift responsibility to another person, especially one higher in the organizational chain of command(´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷, ƯÈ÷ ¸í·É Á¶Á÷µµ»óÀÇ »ó±ÞÀÚ¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¶°³Ñ±â´Ù)¡¯¶õ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. the buckÀº Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¶æÇϸç, ¡®buck passer¡¯´Â ¡®»ç»ç°Ç°Ç Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¡¯À» °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
A: I keep getting runaround(°è¼Ó ¿©±â °¬´Ù Àú±â °¬´Ù Çß¾î¿ä).
B: Did you speak to the clerk(Á÷¿øÇÑÅ× ¸»Çغþî¿ä)?
A: She sent me to another clerk(¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Á÷¿ø¿¡°Ô ³ª¸¦ º¸³»´õ¶ó°í¿ä).
B: Was she able to help you(±× »ç¶÷Àº µµ¿ÍÁÖ´ø°¡¿ä)?
A: No. She sent me to you(¾Æ´Ï¿À. ´ç½ÅÇÑÅ× º¸³»´õ±º¿ä).
B: I am the manager(Á¦°¡ °ü¸®ÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù).
A: Are you passing the buck? (´ç½Åµµ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ȸÇÇÇÒ °Ç°¡¿ä)?
B: No, the buck stops here(¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù, Á¦°¡ Ã¥ÀÓÁú°Ô¿ä).
¡å ½Åü ºÎÀ§ ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²´Â the
You hit me!¿Í You hit my head!´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¦±î. ÀüÀÚ´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ ÁßÁ¡ÀÌ ÇÇÇØÀÚÀÇ ÀÎ°Ý Àüü¿¡ ÀÖ°í, ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ ÁßÁ¡ÀÌ ÇÇÇØÀÚÀÇ ½Åü ÀϺκп¡ ÀÖ¾î ¡®¿Ö ÇÏÇÊÀÌ¸é ¸Ó¸®³Ä¡¯¶õ Àǹ̰¡ ³»Æ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö °³³äÀ» ÇÕÄ£ Àǹ̰¡ ¡®You hit me on the head!¡¯´Ù. ÀÌ Ç¥Çö¹ýÀº ¿ì¸®¸»¿¡´Â ¾ø´Â ¿µ¾î¸¸ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù. the´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý my¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÑ´Ù.
¡®±×´Â ±×³àÀÇ ÀÔ¿¡ Å°½ºÇß´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿µ¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöÇغ¸ÀÚ. (1)He kissed her mouth. (2)He kissed her on the mouth. (3)He kissed her into the mouth. (1)Àº ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ her mouth·Î, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×³àÀÇ ½Åü ÀϺκÐÀÎ ÀÔ¿¡ Å°½ºÇß´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, (2)¡¤(3)Àº ÀÔÀ» Á¢ÃË¡¤±³°¨(ÎßÊï)ÇÏ¿© ±×³àÀÇ ÀÎ°Ý Àüü¿¡ Å°½ºÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǹ̷Π(1)º¸´Ù ÇÔÃàÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ (3)Àº ÀüÄ¡»ç into·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© (2)º¸´Ù ´õ ¿Á¤ÀûÀÎ Å°½º(deep kiss¡¤soul kiss¡¤french kiss)¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³°¡ D. H. ·Î·»½º(Lawrence)ÀÇ ÀåÆí¼Ò¼³ ¡®Ã¤Åи® ºÎÀÎÀÇ ¿¬ÀÎ(Lady Chatterley¡¯s Lover)¡¯ÀÇ ¹¦»ç¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.
She felt the sudden force of his wanting her again. ¡®No, I must run,¡¯ she said, a little wildly. ¡®Ay,¡¯ he replied, suddenly changed, letting her go. She turned away, and on the instant she turned back to him saying: ¡®Kiss me.¡¯ He bent over her indistinguishable and kissed her on the left eye. She held her mouth and he softly kissed it, but at once drew away. He hated mouth kisses(±×³à´Â ±×°¡ ´Ù½Ã ±×³à¸¦ ¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÇÑ À¯È¤À» ´À²¼´Ù. ¡®¾Æ´Ï¿¡¿ä, ±ÞÈ÷ °¡¾ß Çؿ䡯¶ó°í ¾à°£ °ÅÄ¥°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¡®±×·¡¿ä¡¯ ÇÏ¸ç ¸¶À½À» °íÃÄ¸Ô°í ±×³à°¡ °¡µµ·Ï ³»¹ö·ÁµÎ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¸öÀ» µ¹·ÈÀ¸³ª °©Àڱ⠵ǵ¹¾Æ¼¼ ¡®Å°½ºÇØÁà¿ä¡¯¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â (¾îµÏ¾îµÏÇÏ¿©) Àß º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ±×³à¸¦ ÇâÇØ ¸öÀ» ±¸ºÎ·Á ±×³àÀÇ ¿ÞÂÊ ´«¿¡ Å°½ºÇß´Ù. ±×³à°¡ ÀÔÀ» ±×ÀÇ ÀÔ¿¡ °®´Ù ´ëÀÚ ±×°¡ ºÎµå·´°Ô Å°½ºÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ð ¸öÀ» µÚ·Î »°´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÔ¿¡´Ù ¿©·¯ ¹ø Å°½ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½È¾îÇß´Ù). *he held her mouth ´ÙÀ½¿¡ to his mouth°¡ »ý·«µÅ ÀÖ´Ù.
¡®±×´Â ±×³àÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ Å°½ºÇß´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿µ¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ °æ¿ì¿£ ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®He kissed her hand¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏÁö ¡®He kissed her on her hand¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ Å°½ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÎ°Ý Àüü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇ·ÊÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¡®Ã¤Åи® ºÎÀÎÀÇ ¿¬ÀΡ¯ÀÇ ÇÑ ´ë¸ñÀ» º¸ÀÚ.
He was a curious and very gentle lover, very gentle with the woman, trembling uncontrollably, and yet at the same time detached, aware, aware of every sound outside. To her it meant nothing except that she gave herself to him. And at length he ceased to quiver any more, and lay quite still, quite still. Then, with dim, compassionate fingers, she stroked his head, that lay on her breast. When he rose, he kissed both her hands, then both her feet, in their suede slippers, and in silence went away to the end of the room, where he stood with his back to her(±×´Â È£±â½ÉÀÌ °ÇÏ°í ¿ÂÈÇÑ, ƯÈ÷ ±× ¿©Àο¡°Ô ¾ÆÁÖ ¿ÂÈÇÑ ¿¬ÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â °ÈÀâÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¶³¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ¿Â°® ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÀǽÄÇÏ°í ½Å°æ ¾²¸é¼µµ ÀÌ¿¡ ¾Æ¶û°÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×³à¿¡°Ô ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×³à°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Áشٴ °Í ¿Ü¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀǹÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. µåµð¾î ±×´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¶³Áö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¾ÆÁÖ °í¿äÈ÷ ´©¿ü´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ±×³à´Â (¾îµÏ¾îµÏÇÏ¿©) Èñ¹ÌÇÑ ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ±×³àÀÇ °¡½¿ À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ¾î·ç¸¸Á³´Ù. ±×´Â ¸öÀ» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ±×³àÀÇ µÎ ¼Õ¿¡ Å°½ºÇÏ°í, ½º¿þÀÌµå ½Ç³»È¸¦ ½ÅÀº ±×³àÀÇ ¹ß¿¡ Å°½ºÇß´Ù. ±×·¯°í´Â Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¹æ ³¡À¸·Î °¡¼ ±×³à¸¦ µîÁö°í ¼¹´Ù).
When just three years old, Braille was playing in his father¡¯s small leather-making shop. While picking up a tool with a sharp point, he fell on it, blinding himself in both eyes(ºê·¹ÀÏÀº ¼¼ »ì ¶§ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ Á¶±×¸¶ÇÑ °¡Á× Á¦Á¶°øÀå¿¡¼ ³î°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ³¡ÀÌ ¿¹¸®ÇÑ ¿¬ÀåÀ» µé´Ù°¡ ±× À§·Î ³Ñ¾îÁ® ¾çÂÊ ´«ÀÌ ¸Ö¾ú´Ù).
¡®±× ¾È°ú ÀÇ»ç´Â (ÁøÂûÇϱâ À§ÇØ) ³ªÀÇ ´«À» µé¿©´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿µÀÛÇϸé The eye doctor looked me in my eyesº¸´Ù ¡®The eye doctor looked in my eyes¡¯°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¾È°úÀÇ»çÀÇ °ü½ÉÀº ÀÎ°Ý Àüüº¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ´«¿¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. * BrailleÀº 15¼¼ ¶§ ºê·¹ÀÏ½Ä Á¡ÀÚ(ïÇí®)¹ýÀ» °í¾ÈÇÑ ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎÀÌ´Ù.
the¸¦ È°¿ëÇÑ ÀºÀ¯Àû Ç¥Çö
´Ë ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ºüÁ® µé¾î°¡´Â Ä£±¸¸¦ ±¸ÃâÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºñ½º¸¶¸£Å©(Bismarck)ÀÇ ¼Ò¸§³¢Ä¥ Á¤µµÀÇ ³ÃöÇÑ ÁöÇý¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.
Bismark cried, ¡°Keep quiet, I cannot take correct aim. In order to put you at once out of misery I must shoot you through the head!¡± The man thought only of dodging Bismark¡¯s bullet, and he struggled so violently that finally, by almost superhuman effort, he rescued himself(ºñ½º¸¶¸£Å©´Â ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù, ¡°°¡¸¸È÷ ÀÖ¾î, Á¦´ë·Î °Ü³ÉÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀݾÆ. ´çÀå ´Ü¸»¸¶(Ó¨ØÇت)ÀÇ °íÅë¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï ÀÚ³×ÀÇ °ñÅëÀ» °üÅë½ÃÄѾ߰ھî.¡± ±× »ç¶÷Àº ºñ½º¸¶¸£Å©ÀÇ ÃѾËÀ» ÇÇÇغ¸ÀÚ´Â Àϳä»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯°í´Â ¾ÆÁÖ °Ý·ÄÈ÷ ¸öºÎ¸²ÃÆ´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ±×´Â °ÅÀÇ ÃÊÀÎÀûÀÎ ºÐÅõ·Î »ì¾Æ³µ´Ù).
hold someone by the bu-tton(´©±¸ÀÇ ´ÜÃ߸¦ ºÙµé¾î Àâ´Ù. ´©±¸¸¦ ¸ø °¡°Ô ºÙÀâ¾Æ³õ°í ¸»µ¿¹« »ï´Ù). ¿©±â¿¡¼ buttonhold(¸¶Áö¸øÇØ µè´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´ÜÃ߸¦ ºÙÀâ°í ±ä À̾߱⸦ ÇÏ´Ù)¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î°¡ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. Never hold anyone by the button or the hand in order to be heard out; for if people are unwilling to hear you, you had better hold your tongue than them(ÀÚ±âÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ³¡±îÁö µèµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ ´©±º°¡¸¦ ºÙµé¾î ÀâÁö ¸¶¶ó; »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸»À» µè°í ½Í¾î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ±×µéÀ» ºÙµå´À´Ï Â÷¶ó¸® Çô¸¦ ºÙµå´Â °Ô ³´´Ù). 18¼¼±â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ±ÍÁ· ü½ºÅÍÇʵå(Chesterfield)°¡ ÇÑ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÀº »ç¶÷¿¡¸¸ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê°í µ¿¹°¿¡°Ôµµ µÎ·ç ¾²ÀδÙ. ¡®Don¡¯t look a gift horse in the mouth(¼±¹°·Î ¹ÞÀº ¸»ÀÇ ÀÔ ¼ÓÀ» µé¿©´Ùº¸Áö ¸¶¶ó)¡¯´Â ¡®¼±¹°·Î ¹ÞÀº ¹°°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÈìÀ» ÀâÁö ¸¶¶ó(Don¡¯t complain about something that is given to you)¡¯°í Ãæ°íÇÒ ¶§ ¾²´Â ÀºÀ¯Àû Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù. ¡®The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy¡¯´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
Don¡¯t question the value of a gift. The proverb refers to the practice of evaluating the age of a horse by looking at its teeth. This practice is also the source of the expression ¡°long in the tooth,¡± meaning old(¼±¹°ÀÌ ¡®ÁÁ´Ù¡¯ ¡®³ª»Ú´Ù¡¯ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. ÀÌ ¼Ó´ãÀº ¸»ÀÇ Ä¡¾Æ»óŸ¦ º½À¸·Î½á ¸»ÀÇ ³ªÀ̸¦ °¡´ÆÇÏ´Â °ü½À¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ¡®long in the tooth¡¯°¡ ¡®³ªÀÌ ¸ÔÀº¡¯À» ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô µÈ °Íµµ ÀÌ °ü½À¿¡¼ ºñ·ÔµÆ´Ù).
¡®take the bull by the horns(Ȳ¼ÒÀÇ »ÔÀ» Àâ´Ù)¡¯´Â ¡®¿ë°¨È÷ ³±¹¿¡ ¸Â¼´Ù(meet the difficult situation bravely)¡¯ ¡®Á¤¸é ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. Let¡¯s take the bull by the horns and get the job done(Á¤¸é µ¹ÆÄÇؼ ÀÏÀ» ÇسÀ½Ã´Ù).
ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÀº »ç¹°¿¡µµ µÎ·ç ¾²ÀδÙ. Take time by the forelock(±âȸÀÇ ¾Õ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Àâ¾Æ¶ó)Àº (1)±âȸ¸¦ ³õÄ¡Áö ¸¶¶ó(Don¡¯t let slip an opportunity) (2)»¡¸® °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇàÇ϶ó(act quickly and decisively)´Â Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼ ¡®time¡¯Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¡®½Ã±â¡¯ ¡®±âȸ¡¯¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ºñ½ÁÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î´Â Gather the rosebuds while you may(Àå¹Ì²É ºÀ¿À¸®¸¦ ¸ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¸ð¾Æ¶ó), Make hay while the sun shines(ÇØ°¡ ºñÃß´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ °ÇÃʸ¦ ¸»·Á¶ó), Strike while the iron is hot(¼è´Â ´Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ µÎµé°Ü¶ó, ¼è»Ôµµ ´Ü±è¿¡ »©¶ó)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®The Story of William Tell¡¯ÀÇ ÇÑ Å丷À» º¸ÀÚ.
Tell fitted the arrow to his bow. He took aim, and let it fly. The boy stood firm and still. He was not afraid, for he had all faith in his father¡¯s skill. The arrow whistled through the air. It struck the apple fairly in the center(TellÀº È»ìÀ» È°¿¡ ³¢¿ü´Ù. ¸ñÇ¥¹°À» °Ü³ÉÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ È»ìÀ» ³¯·È´Ù. ¼Ò³âÀº ¹Ìµ¿µµ ¾Ê°í ¼ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼Ò³âÀº ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ È° ½î´Â ¼Ø¾¾¿¡ È®½ÅÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â¿¡ µÎ·ÆÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. È»ìÀÌ °ø±â¸¦ °¡¸£¸ç ³¯¾Æ°¬´Ù. È»ìÀº »ç°úÀÇ Áß½ÉÀ» Á¤ÅëÀ¸·Î ¸ÂÇû´Ù).
ÇÑÀÚÀÇ êÅ°ú ´àÀº the
ÇÑÀÚ êÅÀº ´Þ(moon)À» ÀǹÌÇÏÁö¸¸ º¯(Ü«)À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸é ¸ö(body)À̳ª »ì(meat)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ÀÇ êÅÀº ¡®À°´Þ¿ùº¯¡¯À̶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ë¿(°í±â À°)ÀÇ º¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅüÀÇ °¢ ±â°üÀ̳ª ºÎºÐÀÇ ¸íĪÀº ¸ðµÎ êź¯À¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Æó(øË), °£Àå(ÊÜíô), ´Á¸·(Òñد), °©°ñ(ˤÍé), ¹èÅÂ(ÛÏ÷Ã), ºñÀ§(Þ¡êÖ), ³ú¼ö(ÒàâÐ), º¹¸·(ÜÙد), ¹æ±¤(Û¹ÎÍ), °£´ã(ÊÜÓÅ), À§Àå(êÖíó), ½ÅÀå(ãìíô), Áö¹æ(ò·Û¸) µîµî.
¿µ¾î¿¡¼´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ½É½Å(ãýãó) ¾Õ¿¡ the¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ. The soul and the body are one(½É½ÅÀº ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù). Reading is to the mind what food is to the body(À½½ÄÀº À°Ã¼ÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀÌ°í, µ¶¼´Â ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀÌ´Ù). In music one must think with the heart and feel with the brain(À½¾ÇÀº °¡½¿À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ¸Ó¸®·Î ´À²¸¾ß ÇÑ´Ù). ¡®Youth¡¯¶õ ½Ã·Î À¯¸íÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ ½ÃÀÎ »õ¹Â¾ó ¿ï¸¸(Samuel Ullman)Àº ¡®Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul(¼¼¿ùÀÌ ÇǺθ¦ ÁÖ¸§Áö°Ô ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿Á¤À» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿µÈ¥À» ÁÖ¸§Áö°Ô ÇÑ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
the´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀÇ ´ë¿ë¾îÀÌ´Ù. ±× Áõ°Å¸¦ ¼º°æ¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °í¸°µµ Èļ(Second Corinthians) 12Àå7Àý¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¡®³» ¸öÀÇ °¡½Ã¡¯°¡ »õ±¹Á¦¼º°æ(NIV)¿¡¼´Â ¡®a thorn in my flesh¡¯¶ó°í µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, Å·Á¦ÀÓ½º¼º°æ(KJV)¿¡¼´Â ¡®a thorn in the flesh¡¯¶ó°í µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
* NIV(New International Version): 1978³â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ¹ø¿ªµÈ ¿µ¹®¼º¼. KJV(King James Version): 1611³â À×±Û·£µå ¿Õ Á¦ÀÓ½º 1¼¼°¡ ¸í·ÉÇÏ¿© ¿Ï¼ºµÈ ÈìÁ¤(ýãïÒ)¿ª ¼º°æ.
À×±Û·£µå ¿Õ Á¦ÀÓ½º(James) 1¼¼(½ºÄÚƲ·£µå ¿ÕÀ¸·Î¼´Â Á¦ÀÓ½º 6¼¼)´Â 1604³â¿¡ ¿µ±¹ ÀÇ»çȸÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¡®A Counterblast to Tobacco(´ã¹è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °·ÂÇÑ ¹Ý´ë)¡¯¶ó´Â Ã¥À» Ãâ°£Çß´Ù. A custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs(ÀÌ ½À°üÀº ´«¿¡ °Å½½¸®°í, ÄÚ¿¡ Áö±ßÁö±ßÇÏ°í, ³ú¿¡ ÇØ·Ó°í, Æó¿¡ À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù). ±×·¸´Ù°í the°¡ ÀÎü¿¡¸¸ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °Ç ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Fish begins to stink at the head(»ý¼±Àº ¸Ó¸®ºÎÅÍ ½â±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù(±¹°¡³ª »çȸÀÇ ºÎÆÐ¿Í ¿¬°üÇØ ºñÀ¯ÇÑ ¸»)).
Çü¿ë»ç¸¦ ¸í»ç·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â the
½ÃÀúÀÇ ¿äûÀ¸·Î ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ µ¿¹° ÇÑ ¸¶¸®¸¦ »ê Á¦¹°·Î ¹ÙÃƴµ¥ Àý°³Çغ¸´Ï ½ÉÀåÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½ÃÀú¿¡°Ô ÁýÀ» ³ª¼Áö ¸»¶ó´Â Àü°¥À» º¸³Â´Ù. ÀÌ ³¯ÀÌ ¿¹¾ðÀÚ(soothsayer)°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì °æ°íÇß´ø ¿î¸íÀÇ ±× ³¯ ¡®the ides of March(3¿ù15ÀÏ)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ½ÃÀú´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
¡°Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear; Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come(°ÌÀïÀÌ´Â Á×±â Àü¿¡ ¿©·¯ ¹ø Á×Áö¸¸ ¿µ¿õÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Çѹø Á×À» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. Á×À½À̶õ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ¾î¼ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿Ã ¶§ ¿À´Â ¹ýÀε¥µµ Àΰ£ÀÌ Á×À½À» µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Ù´Ï! ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ Áö±Ý±îÁö µé¾îº» ¸ðµç ³î¶ó¿î À̾߱â Áß °¡Àå ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù).
ÀÌ ¸»¿¡¼ the valiant(¿ë°¨ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé)´Â Cowards(ºñ°ÌÇÑ »ç¶÷µé)¿¡ ´ëĪµÇ´Â º¹¼öº¸Åë¸í»ç ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®the+Çü¿ë»ç¡¯°¡ º¹¼öº¸Åë¸í»ç°¡ µÇ´Â º¯Ãµ °úÁ¤Àº ÀÌ·¸´Ù. those who are high(°í±ÍÇÑ »ç¶÷µé)¡æthose high¡æthe high(=high people). those°¡ °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸é ¡®~ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¡¯À̶õ Àǹ̰¡ µÈ´Ù. those who say happiness(ÇູÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé).
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